Note
Go to the end to download the full example code.
Plot driver standings in a heatmap¶
Plot the points for each driven in each race of a given season in a heatmap, as https://public.tableau.com/app/profile/mateusz.karmalski/viz/F1ResultsTracker2022
import pandas as pd
import plotly.express as px
from plotly.io import show
from fastf1.ergast import Ergast
First, we load the results for season 2022.
ergast = Ergast()
races = ergast.get_race_schedule(2022) # Races in year 2022
results = []
# For each race in the season
for rnd, race in races['raceName'].items():
# Get results. Note that we use the round no. + 1, because the round no.
# starts from one (1) instead of zero (0)
temp = ergast.get_race_results(season=2022, round=rnd + 1)
temp = temp.content[0]
# If there is a sprint, get the results as well
sprint = ergast.get_sprint_results(season=2022, round=rnd + 1)
if sprint.content and sprint.description['round'][0] == rnd + 1:
temp = pd.merge(temp, sprint.content[0], on='driverCode', how='left')
# Add sprint points and race points to get the total
temp['points'] = temp['points_x'] + temp['points_y']
temp.drop(columns=['points_x', 'points_y'], inplace=True)
# Add round no. and grand prix name
temp['round'] = rnd + 1
temp['race'] = race.removesuffix(' Grand Prix')
temp = temp[['round', 'race', 'driverCode', 'points']] # Keep useful cols.
results.append(temp)
# Append all races into a single dataframe
results = pd.concat(results)
races = results['race'].drop_duplicates()
Request for URL https://ergast.com/api/f1/2022/20/results.json failed; using cached response
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 536, in _make_request
response = conn.getresponse()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 464, in getresponse
httplib_response = super().getresponse()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\http\client.py", line 1419, in getresponse
response.begin()
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\http\client.py", line 331, in begin
version, status, reason = self._read_status()
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\http\client.py", line 292, in _read_status
line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\socket.py", line 707, in readinto
return self._sock.recv_into(b)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\ssl.py", line 1253, in recv_into
return self.read(nbytes, buffer)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dev\py3.12.1_64\Lib\ssl.py", line 1105, in read
return self._sslobj.read(len, buffer)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
TimeoutError: The read operation timed out
The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 667, in send
resp = conn.urlopen(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 843, in urlopen
retries = retries.increment(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 474, in increment
raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
raise value
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 789, in urlopen
response = self._make_request(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 538, in _make_request
self._raise_timeout(err=e, url=url, timeout_value=read_timeout)
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 369, in _raise_timeout
raise ReadTimeoutError(
urllib3.exceptions.ReadTimeoutError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='ergast.com', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=5.0)
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\requests_cache\session.py", line 286, in _resend
response = self._send_and_cache(request, actions, cached_response, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\requests_cache\session.py", line 254, in _send_and_cache
response = super().send(request, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\src\fastf1\req.py", line 132, in send
return super().send(request, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 703, in send
r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "C:\Dateien\Code\Formula1\FastF1\FastF1\venvs\venv312\Lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 713, in send
raise ReadTimeout(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ReadTimeout: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='ergast.com', port=443): Read timed out. (read timeout=5.0)
Then we “reshape” the results to a wide table, where each row represents a driver and each column refers to a race, and the cell value is the points.
results = results.pivot(index='driverCode', columns='round', values='points')
# Here we have a 22-by-22 matrix (22 races and 22 drivers, incl. DEV and HUL)
# Rank the drivers by their total points
results['total_points'] = results.sum(axis=1)
results = results.sort_values(by='total_points', ascending=False)
results.drop(columns='total_points', inplace=True)
# Use race name, instead of round no., as column names
results.columns = races
The final step is to plot a heatmap using plotly
fig = px.imshow(
results,
text_auto=True,
aspect='auto', # Automatically adjust the aspect ratio
color_continuous_scale=[[0, 'rgb(198, 219, 239)'], # Blue scale
[0.25, 'rgb(107, 174, 214)'],
[0.5, 'rgb(33, 113, 181)'],
[0.75, 'rgb(8, 81, 156)'],
[1, 'rgb(8, 48, 107)']],
labels={'x': 'Race',
'y': 'Driver',
'color': 'Points'} # Change hover texts
)
fig.update_xaxes(title_text='') # Remove axis titles
fig.update_yaxes(title_text='')
fig.update_yaxes(tickmode='linear') # Show all ticks, i.e. driver names
fig.update_yaxes(showgrid=True, gridwidth=1, gridcolor='LightGrey',
showline=False,
tickson='boundaries') # Show horizontal grid only
fig.update_xaxes(showgrid=False, showline=False) # And remove vertical grid
fig.update_layout(plot_bgcolor='rgba(0,0,0,0)') # White background
fig.update_layout(coloraxis_showscale=False) # Remove legend
fig.update_layout(xaxis=dict(side='top')) # x-axis on top
fig.update_layout(margin=dict(l=0, r=0, b=0, t=0)) # Remove border margins
fig
show(fig)
Total running time of the script: (0 minutes 51.663 seconds)